n = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt5^2 - 4(2)(-150)}2(2) = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt25 + 1200}4 = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt1225}4 = \frac-5 \pm 354 - Parker Core Knowledge
Solving Quadratic Equations: A Step-by-Step Guide Using the Quadratic Formula
Solving Quadratic Equations: A Step-by-Step Guide Using the Quadratic Formula
Mastering quadratic equations is essential in algebra, and one of the most powerful tools for solving them is the quadratic formula:
\[
n = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}
\]
Understanding the Context
In this article, we walk through a practical example using the equation:
\[
n = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt{5^2 - 4(2)(-150)}}{2(2)}
\]
This equation models real-world problems involving area, projectile motion, or optimization—common in science, engineering, and economics. Let’s break down the step-by-step solution and explain key concepts to strengthen your understanding.
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Key Insights
Step 1: Identify Coefficients
The general form of a quadratic equation is:
\[
an^2 + bn + c = 0
\]
From our equation:
- \( a = 2 \)
- \( b = -5 \)
- \( c = -150 \)
Plugging these into the quadratic formula gives:
\[
n = \frac{-(-5) \pm \sqrt{(-5)^2 - 4(2)(-150)}}{2(2)}
\]
Step 2: Simplify Inside the Square Root
Simplify the discriminant \( b^2 - 4ac \):
\[
(-5)^2 = 25
\]
\[
4 \cdot 2 \cdot (-150) = -1200
\]
\[
b^2 - 4ac = 25 - (-1200) = 25 + 1200 = 1225
\]
So far, the equation reads:
\[
n = \frac{5 \pm \sqrt{1225}}{4}
\]
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Step 3: Compute the Square Root
We now simplify \( \sqrt{1225} \). Since \( 35^2 = 1225 \),
\[
\sqrt{1225} = 35
\]
Now the expression becomes:
\[
n = \frac{-5 \pm 35}{4}
\]
(Note: Because \( -b = -(-5) = 5 \), the numerator is \( 5 \pm 35 \).)
Step 4: Solve for the Two Roots
Using the ± property, calculate both solutions:
1. \( n_1 = \frac{-5 + 35}{4} = \frac{30}{4} = \frac{15}{2} = 7.5 \)
2. \( n_2 = \frac{-5 - 35}{4} = \frac{-40}{4} = -10 \)
Why This Method Matters
The quadratic formula provides exact solutions—even when the discriminant yields a perfect square like 1225. This eliminates errors common with approximation methods and allows precise modeling of physical or financial systems.
Applications include maximizing profit, determining roots of motion paths, or designing optimal structures across STEM fields.
